Biofilms
in Manmade Systems
|
|
System |
Impact
of Biofilm Formation |
References |
|
Toilet bowls |
Cosmetic degradation |
Pitts et al., Biofouling 13:19 (1998) |
|
Cooling water towers |
Reduced heat and mass transfer |
Mortensen and Conley, CTI J. 15:10
(1994) |
|
Heat exchangers |
Reduced heat transfer |
|
|
Paper manufacturing |
Degradation of product quality |
Vaisanen et al., J. Appl. Microbiol.
84:1069 (1998)
Robertson, TAPPI, Reprint 566 (1992)
Holt, in Biodeterioration 7, p. 493 (1987) |
|
Food processing |
Contamination |
Wirtanen and Salo, Rev Environ Sci and Bio/Technol.
2:293-306 (2003)
Carpentier and Cerf, J. Appl. Bacteriol.
75:499 (1993)
Matilla-Sandholm and Wirtanen, Food Rev. Int. 8:573 (1992) |
|
Metalworking |
Degradation of metalworking fluid |
Leder, Lubr. Engr. 45:217 (1989) |
|
Photo processing |
Flawed prints, machine failure |
Elvers et al., J. Appl. Microbiol.
84:607 (1998) |
|
Reverse osmosis water processing |
Reduced membrane permeability, material
degradation |
McDonogh et al., J. Membr. Sci. 87:199
(1994) |
|
Swimming pools |
Health risks, cosmetic degradation |
Angenent et al, PNAS 102(13):4860-4865 (2005) |
|
Household drains |
Slow draining sinks |
|
|
Household surfaces |
Cutting surfaces, shower heads and curtains,
vases |
|
|
Process equipment |
Corrosion and biodeterioration |
|
|
Secondary oil recovery |
Plugging of water injection wells, souring
(hydrogen sulfide production) and corrosion |
Olliver and Magot, Petroleum Microbiology, ASM Press 2005,
ISBN 1-55581-327-5 |
|
Sewage systems |
Biodeterioration |
|
|
Drinking water pipes |
Health risks |
LeChevallier et al., Appl. Environ.
Microbiol. 62:220 (1996)
Camper, in Biofouling and Biocorrosion in Industrial Water Systems,
Ch. 6 (1994) |